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Recent developments in the application of oil palm fibers in cement composites

Emmanuel Owoichoechi MOMOH, Adelaja Israel OSOFERO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 94-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0576-9

摘要： Fibers obtained from different parts of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) have been under investigation for possible use in construction. Studies have been carried out investigating the engineering properties and possible applications of these fibers. However, the experimental methods employed and the values of mechanical and physical properties recorded by various authors are inconsistent. It has therefore become necessary to organize information which would be useful in the design of oil palm fiber cement composites and help researchers and engineers make informed decisions in further research and application. This review provides information about fibers from different parts of the oil palm, their properties, enhancement techniques, current and potential application in cement composites.

关键词： broom     cement composite     concrete     oil palm fiber     Natural fiber-concrete     sustainability    

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Optimization of thermophilic anaerobic-aerobic treatment system for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Yijing CHAN,Meifong CHONG,Chunglim LAW

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 334-351 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0626-4

摘要： Optimization of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) treatment system for the reduction of organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to legal standards with high methane yield was performed for the first time under thermophilic condition (50°C–55°C) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three independent operating variables, organic loading rates in anaerobic compartment (OLR ) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration in anaerobic (MLVSS ) and aerobic compartments (MLVSS ). The optimum conditions for the POME treatment were determined as OLR of 15.6 g COD·L ·d , MLVSS of 43100 mg·L , and MLVSS of 18600 mg·L , where high aerobic COD, BOD and TSS removal efficiencies of 96.3%, 97.9%, and 98.5% were achieved with treated BOD of 56 mg·L and TSS of 28 mg·L meeting the discharge standard. This optimization study successfully achieved a reduction of 42% in the BOD concentrations of the final treated effluent at a 48% higher OLR as compared to the previous works. Besides, thermophilic IAAB system scores better feasibility and higher effectiveness as compared to the optimized mesophilic system. This is due to its higher ability to handle high OLR with higher overall treatment efficiencies (more than 99.6%), methane yield (0.31 L CH ·g COD ) and purity of methane (67.5%). Hence, these advantages ascertain the applicability of thermophilic IAAB in the POME treatment or even in other high-strength wastewaters treatment.

关键词： palm oil mill effluent (POME)     anaerobic     aerobic     thermophilic     biogas     optimization    

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Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK,Ismail Ab RAMAN,Mohd Ambar YARMO,Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 162-169 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0355-9

摘要： This paper aims to develop a new microemulsions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester (PME) that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel microemulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfactants and water to make the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% (w/w) (B10), 20% (w/w) (B20), 30% (w/w) (B30) and neat diesel (B0). The amount of water was fixed at 20% (w/w). The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80:20 at 20% (w/w), and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25:75, 20:80 and 10:90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour point and flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm (polydispersity of 0.12), 2.86 mm /s, 1.435, 0.8913 g/mL, 31.87 MJ/kg, 7.15°C, 10.5°C and 46.5°C respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel-PME selected were 20.72 nm to 23.74 nm, 13.02 mm /s to 13.29 mm /s, 1.442, 0.8939 g/mL to 0.8990 g/mL, 31.45 MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2°C to 6.8°C, 8.5°C to 1.5°C and 47.5°C to 52.0°C. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

关键词： palm methyl ester     palm oil biodiesel     microemulsion     water microemulsified fuels    

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Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1588-6

摘要：

● A PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed.

关键词： Flax fiber     Switchable wettability     ZnO-HDTMS coating     Oil-water separation    

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Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

Solomon GIWA,Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA,Collins NWAOKOCHA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 329-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0408-8

摘要： Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil (PKO) from palm seed and groundnut oil (GNO) are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil (HO) of PKO (medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil) and GNO (long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil) at 50/50 (v/v) blending. The principal fatty acids (FAs) in the HO are oleic (35.62%) and lauric acids (24.23%) with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester (ME) gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester (the HOME) were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity (KV) of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV (3.69 mm /s) of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties of biodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil     palm kernel oil     methyl ester     fuel properties     tropics     fatty acid composition    

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中国首个地基高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱观测站的大气成分长期观测研究 Article

刘诚, 孙友文, 单唱功, 王薇, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, 殷昊, 田园, 高吉熹, 毛慧琴

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第22卷 第3期   页码 201-214 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.022

摘要：

长期观测主要大气成分的体积混合比（VMR）廓线和柱总量对掌握中国气候变化和碳收支具有重要意义。本文对我国首个全球碳总柱观测网（TCCON）高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱仪（FTS）地基观测站，即合肥观测站开展了系统性研究。该观测站可观测30多种大气成分的柱总量和VMR廓线。本文公布了2014年以来合肥观测站观测到的部分关键大气成分的时间序列，总结了迄今为止该站点取得的主要研究成果，包括光谱反演表征和归一化、关键大气成分的总体演变特征、排放估计、卫星和化学传输模式（CTM）校验以及对大气污染来源和传输的相关研究。同时，本文还对合肥观测站的观测、科学研究和未来研究计划进行了展望。中国明确提出2030年二氧化碳排放达到峰值，2060年实现碳中和。合肥观测站将为中国政府制定绿色经济政策、实现碳中和及《巴黎协定》目标提供科学支撑。

关键词： 遥感     傅里叶变换     大气污染     温室气体     气候变化    

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Performance of fiber reinforced clayey sand composite

Amin CHEGENIZADEH, Hamid NIKRAZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 147-152 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0158-6

摘要： Soils and their related behavior have always been the subject of many studies. Recent researches show some interests in investigation of inclusion of randomly distributed fiber in soil. This study focuses on effect of fiber inclusion on the strength and other parameters of clayey sand composite material. First part of this study is related to effective parameters on strength of the clayey sand composite with using natural fiber and plastic fiber and different fiber contents and length. Triaxial consolidated undrained (CU) tests were carried out to investigate behavior of the composite under different condition. The fiber percentage varied from 0% (for unreinforced samples) to 4% and fiber length varied from 8 to 25 mm. The fiber length and fiber content found to play important rule on the strength of fiber reinforced composite.

关键词： triaxial     consolidated undrained (CU)     fiber     strength    

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Mechanical properties of steel, glass, and hybrid fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete

Atheer H.M. ALGBURI, M. Neaz SHEIKH, Muhammad N.S. HADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 998-1006 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0533-7

摘要： This study examines the properties of fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete (FR-RPC). Steel fibers, glass fibers, and steel-glass hybrid fibers were used to prepare the FR-RPC. The non-fibrous reactive powder concrete (NF-RPC) was prepared as a reference mix. The proportion of fibers by volume for all FR-RPC mixes was 1.5%. Steel fibers of 13 mm length and 0.2 mm diameter were used to prepare the steel fiber-reinforced RPC (SFR-RPC). Glass fibers of 13 mm length and 1.3 mm diameter were used to prepare the glass fiber-reinforced RPC (GFR-RPC). The hybrid fiber-reinforced RPC (HFR-RPC) was prepared by mixing 0.9% steel fibers and 0.6% glass fibers. Compressive strength, axial load-axial deformation behavior, modulus of elasticity, indirect tensile strength, and shear strength of the RPC mixes were investigated. The results showed that SFR-RPC achieved higher compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and shear strength than NF-RPC, GFR-RPC, and HFR-RPC. Although the compressive strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were slightly lower than the compressive strength of NF-RPC, the shear strengths of GFR-RPC and HFR-RPC were higher than that of NF-RPC.

关键词： reactive powder concrete     steel fiber     glass fiber     hybrid fiber    

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国外光纤光纤带和带状光缆技术的最新发展

刘良炎

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第9期   页码 86-94

摘要：

综合介绍了近年国外关于低衰耗的色散补偿光纤，非零色散位移光纤，用于恶劣环境的碳涂覆和氮化硅涂覆光纤的研究；光纤带制造技术包括光纤带的结构、涂层、性能、生产工艺，大芯数光纤带状光缆包括层绞式松管、中心松管式、骨架式、干缆芯带状光缆的设计制造技术的最新进展。

关键词： 光纤通信     低衰耗光纤     光纤带     光纤带状光缆    

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Experimental and parametrical investigation of pre-stressed ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 411-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0928-3

摘要： In this study, ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) used in a type B70 concrete sleeper is investigated experimentally and parametrically. The main parameters investigated are the steel fiber volume fractions (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). Under European standards, 35 UHPFRC sleepers are subjected to static bending tests at the center and rail seat sections, and the screw on the fastening system is pulled out. The first cracking load, failure load, failure mode, crack propagation, load–deflection curve, load–crack width, and failure load from these tests are measured and compared with those of a control sleeper manufactured using normal concrete C50. The accuracy of the parametric study is verified experimentally. Subsequently, the results of the study are applied to UHPFRC sleepers with different concrete volumes to investigate the effects of the properties of UHPFRC on their performance. Experimental and parametric study results show that the behavior of UHPFRC sleepers improves significantly when the amount of steel fiber in the mix is increased. Sleepers manufactured using UHPFRC with a steel fiber volume fraction of 1% and a concrete volume less than 25% that of standard sleeper B70 can be used under the same loads and requirements, which contributes positively to the cost and surrounding environment.

关键词： pre-stressed concrete sleeper     ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete     pull-out test     static bending test     steel fiber     aspect ratio     volume fraction    

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Studies of fiber-matrix debonding

Navneet DRONAMRAJU,Johannes SOLASS,Jörg HILDEBRAND

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 448-456 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0316-8

摘要： In this paper, the debonding of a single fiber-matrix system of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) AS4/Epson 828 material is studied using Cohesive Zone Model (CZM). The effect of parameters namely, maximum tangential contact stress, tangential slip distance and artificial damping coefficient on the debonding length at the interface of the fiber-matrix is analyzed. Contact elements used in the CZM are coupled based on a bilinear stress-strain curve. Load is applied on the matrix, tangential to the interface. Hence, debonding is observed primarily in Mode II. Wide range of values are considered to study the inter-dependency of the parameters and its effect on debonding length. Out of the three parameters mentioned, artificial damping coefficient and tangential slip distance significantly affect debonding length. A thorough investigation is recommended for case wise interface debonding analysis, to estimate the optimal parametric values while using CZM.

关键词： single fibre     cohesive zone model     interface debonding     carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP)    

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Time- and temperature-dependence of compressive and tensile behaviors of polypropylene fiber-reinforced

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 1025-1037 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0741-9

摘要： The understanding of compressive and tensile behaviors of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented paste backfill (FR-CPB) play crucial roles in the successful implementation of reinforcement technique in underground mine backfilling operations. However, very limited studies have been performed to gain insight into the evolution of compressive and tensile behaviors and associated mechanical properties of FR-CPB under various curing temperatures from early to advanced ages. Thus, this study aims to investigate the time (7, 28, and 90 d)- and temperature (20°C, 35°C, and 45°C)-dependence of constitutive behavior and mechanical properties of FR-CPB. The obtained results show that pre- and post-failure behaviors of FR-CPB demonstrate strongly curing temperature-dependence from early to advanced ages. Moreover, the pseudo-hardening behavior is sensitive to curing temperature, especially at early ages. Furthermore, the mechanical properties including elastic modulus, material stiffness, strengths, brittleness, cohesion, and internal friction angle of FR-CPB show increasing trends with curing temperature as curing time elapses. Additionally, a predictive model is developed to capture the strong correlation between compressive and tensile strength of FR-CPB. The findings of this study will contribute to the successful implementation of FR-CPB technology.

关键词： cemented paste backfill     fiber reinforcement     constitutive behavior     temperature     tailings    

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Fabrication of recyclable Fe chelated aminated polypropylene fiber for efficient clean-up of phosphate

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 840-852 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2253-0

摘要： Herein, a Fe3+-loaded aminated polypropylene fiber has been reported as an efficient phosphate adsorbent. The remarkable phosphate removal ability of the fiber is due to Fe3+ immobilization, and it demonstrates a maximum adsorption capacity of 33.94 mg·P·g–1. Adsorption experiments showed that the fiber is applicable over a wide pH range from 2 to 9. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics and isotherm data were consistent with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir adsorption models, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium of the fiber for phosphate was reached within 60 min, indicating an efficient monolayer chemisorption process. Moreover, the adsorbent maintained prominent phosphate removal in the presence of competitive ions such as NO3– and Cl–, exhibiting high selectivity. More importantly, the fiber demonstrated excellent reusability (5 times) and low adsorption limit below 0.02 mg·P·g–1. In addition, the phosphate removal efficiency of the fiber can exceed 99% under continuous flow conditions. The adsorption mechanism was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showing that the adsorption of phosphate on the fiber mainly depended on the chemical adsorption of the modified Fe3+. Overall, this study proves that the fiber possesses many advantages for phosphate removal, including high adsorption efficiency, lower treatment limit, good recyclability, and environmental friendliness.

关键词： phosphate adsorption     aminated polypropylene fiber     Fe3+     ligand exchange     reusability    

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Biodegradable, superhydrophobic walnut wood membrane for the separation of oil/water mixtures

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1377-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2157-z

摘要： The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge. Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels, which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials, However, they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength. A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood, but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness, strength, and size. In this paper, a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film (max. water contact angle of approximately 164.2°) with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier. The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate. In addition, after cross-laminating the two samples, the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency (98.5%) and flux (approximately 1.3 × 103 L∙m‒2∙h‒1). The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.

关键词： wood nanotechnology     superhydrophobic     biodegradable     surface modification     oil/water separation    

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Fatigue shear performance of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid (glass-fiber-reinforced polymer+ steel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 576-594 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0728-6

摘要： Reinforced concrete beams consisting of both steel and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer rebars exhibit excellent strength, serviceability, and durability. However, the fatigue shear performance of such beams is unclear. Therefore, beams with hybrid longitudinal bars and hybrid stirrups were designed, and fatigue shear tests were performed. For specimens that failed by fatigue shear, all the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups and some steel stirrups fractured at the critical diagonal crack. For the specimen that failed by the static test after 8 million fatigue cycles, the static capacity after fatigue did not significantly decrease compared with the calculated value. The initial fatigue level has a greater influence on the crack development and fatigue life than the fatigue level in the later phase. The fatigue strength of the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups in the specimens was considerably lower than that of the axial tension tests on the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer bar in air and beam-hinge tests on the glass-fiber-reinforced polymer bar, and the failure modes were different. Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups were subjected to fatigue tension and shear, and failed owing to shear.

关键词： fatigue     shear     hybrid stirrups     hybrid reinforcement     fiber-reinforced polymer    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Recent developments in the application of oil palm fibers in cement composites

Emmanuel Owoichoechi MOMOH, Adelaja Israel OSOFERO

期刊论文

Optimization of thermophilic anaerobic-aerobic treatment system for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Yijing CHAN,Meifong CHONG,Chunglim LAW

期刊论文

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK,Ismail Ab RAMAN,Mohd Ambar YARMO,Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD

期刊论文

Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

期刊论文

Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

Solomon GIWA,Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA,Collins NWAOKOCHA

期刊论文

中国首个地基高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱观测站的大气成分长期观测研究

刘诚, 孙友文, 单唱功, 王薇, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, 殷昊, 田园, 高吉熹, 毛慧琴

期刊论文

Performance of fiber reinforced clayey sand composite

Amin CHEGENIZADEH, Hamid NIKRAZ

期刊论文

Mechanical properties of steel, glass, and hybrid fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete

Atheer H.M. ALGBURI, M. Neaz SHEIKH, Muhammad N.S. HADI

期刊论文

国外光纤光纤带和带状光缆技术的最新发展

刘良炎

期刊论文

Experimental and parametrical investigation of pre-stressed ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

期刊论文

Studies of fiber-matrix debonding

Navneet DRONAMRAJU,Johannes SOLASS,Jörg HILDEBRAND

期刊论文

Time- and temperature-dependence of compressive and tensile behaviors of polypropylene fiber-reinforced

期刊论文

Fabrication of recyclable Fe chelated aminated polypropylene fiber for efficient clean-up of phosphate

期刊论文

Biodegradable, superhydrophobic walnut wood membrane for the separation of oil/water mixtures

期刊论文

Fatigue shear performance of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid (glass-fiber-reinforced polymer+ steel

期刊论文